Ukwelashwa Kwasemsebenzini

Kuyini Ukwelapha Ngemisebenzi?

I-Occupational therapy (OT) iwuhlobo lwendlela yokwelapha yokubuyisela esimeni esiqonde ukungasebenzi kahle kweziguli.Kuyindlela yokuvuselela egxile emsebenzini ebandakanya iziguli ukuthi zibambe iqhaza ngokugcwele emisebenzini efanaI-ADL, ukukhiqizwa, imidlalo yokungcebeleka nokuxhumana nomphakathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqeqesha futhi ihlole iziguli ukuze izisize zibuyise ikhono lazo lokuphila elizimele.Igxile ekufaneni kwemisebenzi, imisebenzi, izithiyo, ukubamba iqhaza, kanye nezici zayo zasemuva, futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kokubuyisela esimweni samanje.

Okuqukethwe kokwelashwa kokusebenza kufanele kuhambisane nomgomo wokwelashwa.Khetha imisebenzi efanelekile, yenza iziguli zikwazi ukuqeda ngaphezu kuka-80% wokuqukethwe kokwelashwa, futhi uzivumele zizisebenzise ngokugcwele izitho zazo ezingasebenzi kahle.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kucatshangelwa umphumela wokwelashwa kwendawo, ithonya ekusebenzeni komzimba wonke kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuze kwandiswe amandla eziguli.

Indima yokwelashwa komsebenzi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komzimba kanye nesimo sengqondo seziguli, ukuthuthukisa i-ADL, ukuhlinzeka iziguli ngendawo yokuhlala eguquguqukayo nendawo yokusebenza, ukuhlakulela ukuqonda kweziguli kanye nokuqonda, nokuzilungiselela ukubuyela ekuphileni okuvamile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi nakho kunezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, futhi kulungele labo abadingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwemisipha yezitho, ithuthukise ikhono lokubona umzimba, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwengqondo, futhi ithuthukise isimo sengqondo.Ngokuqondile, kuhlanganisa izifo zesimiso sezinzwa, njengeisifo sohlangothi, ukulimala kobuchopho, isifo sikaParkinson, ukulimala komgogodla, ukulimala kwenzwa ye-peripheral, ukulimala kwengqondo,njll.;izifo ze-geriatric, njengeukungasebenzi kahle kwe-geriatric cognitive, njll.;izifo ze-osteoarticular, njengeukulimala kwe-osteoarticular, i-osteoarthritis, ukulimala kwesandla, ukunqunywa, ukushintshwa kwamalunga, ukufakelwa ithoni, ukushiswa, njll.;izifo zezokwelapha, njengeisifo senhliziyo, isifo esingamahlalakhona, njll.;isifo se-pulmonary obstructive, njengeisifo samathambo, isifo sikashukela, njll.;izifo zezingane, njengei-cerebral palsy, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukukhubazeka, njll.;izifo zengqondo, njengeukucindezeleka, isikhathi sokululama i-schizophrenia, njll. Nokho,akufanelekile ezigulini ezinokuqaphela okungacacile kanye nokukhubazeka okunzima kwengqondo, iziguli ezibucayi, neziguli ezine-cardiopulmonary enzima, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hepatorenal.

I-Classification of Occupational Therapy

(1) Ukuhlelwa ngokwenhloso ye-OT

1. I-OT ye-dyskinesias, njengaleyo esetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amandla emisipha, ukuthuthukisa uhla oluhlangene lokunyakaza, nokwandisa ukusebenzisana.

2. I-OT yokukhubazeka kokubona: ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa ezifana nobuhlungu, ukuqonda, ukubona, ukuthinta kanye nezinye izithiyo ekunakeni, inkumbulo, ukucabanga, njll. Lolu hlobo lokuqeqeshwa kwe-OT lokuthuthukisa ikhono lokubona iziguli, njenge-unilateral. indlela yokuqeqesha yokunganaki.

3. I-OT yokungasebenzi kahle kwenkulumo, njenge-aphasia ne-articulation disorder ezigulini ze-hemiplegic.

4. I-OT yokuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo yokulawula ukusebenza kwengqondo nesimo sengqondo.

5. I-OT yokuphazamiseka komsebenzi nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi ukuthuthukisa ikhono leziguli lokuzivumelanisa nomphakathi futhi ziphile ngokuzimela.Lena inkinga enkulu okufanele ixazululwe yi-occupational therapy.

(2) Ukuhlelwa ngokwegama le-OT
1. ADL:Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuzinakekela, iziguli zidinga ukuphinda imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokugqoka kwansuku zonke, ukudla, ukuzihlanza nokuhamba.Iziguli zinqoba izithiyo zazo futhi zithuthukise ikhono lazo lokuzinakekela nge-OT.

a, Gcina ukuma okuhle: Iziguli ezihlukene zinezidingo ezihlukene mayelana nezikhundla zokulala nokuma, kodwa isimiso esivamile ukugcina izikhundla ezinhle zokusebenza, ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwenkontileka, nokuvimbela imiphumela emibi yokuma okubi ezifweni.

b, Guqula ukuqeqeshwa: Ngokuvamile, iziguli ezisembhedeni zidinga ukuphenduka njalo.Uma isimo sivuma, iziguli mazizame ukuziphendulela zodwa.

c, Ukuhlala ukuqeqeshwa: Ngosizo lwabelaphi, vumela iziguli zihlale zisuka endaweni elele, bese zisuka endaweni yokuhlala ziye endaweni yokulala.

d, Ukuqeqeshwa kokudlulisa: Ukudlulisa phakathi kombhede nesihlalo sabakhubazekile, isihlalo sabakhubazekile nesihlalo, isihlalo sabakhubazekile kanye nendlu yangasese.

e, Ukuqeqeshwa kokudla: Ukudla nokuphuza kuyizinqubo ezibanzi futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi.Lapho udla, lawula inani lokudla kanye nesivinini sokudla.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawula inani lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nesivinini sokuphuza.

f, Ukuqeqeshwa kokugqoka: Ukuqeqeshwa kokugqoka nokukhumula kudinga amakhono amaningi ukuze kuqedwe, okuhlanganisa amandla emisipha, ikhono lokulinganisa, uhla oluhlangene lokunyakaza, ukubona kanye nekhono lokuqonda.Kuye ngezinga lobunzima, zijwayeze ukusuka ekugqokeni, kusukela ekugqokeni okuphezulu kuya phansi.

g, Ukuqeqeshwa kwezindlu zangasese: Kudinga amakhono ayisisekelo okunyakaza kweziguli, futhi iziguli kufanele zikwazi ukufeza ukulinganisela kokuhlala nokuma, ukudluliswa komzimba, njll.

2. Imisebenzi yokwelapha: Imisebenzi ekhethwe ngokucophelela ukuthuthukisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwesiguli ngemisebenzi ethile noma amathuluzi.Isibonelo, iziguli ezine-hemiplegic ezinokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwemilenze engenhla zingaxova i-plasticine, zikrufule inathi, njll. ukuze ziqeqeshe ikhono lazo lokuphakamisa, ukuzungezisa, nokubamba ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemilenze yemilenze yangaphezulu.

3. Imisebenzi ekhiqizayo yabasebenzi:Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lufanele iziguli eseziluleme ngezinga elithile, noma iziguli ukungasebenzi kwazo kungembi kakhulu.Ngenkathi benza ukwelashwa komsebenzi wasemsebenzini, bangaphinda badale ukubaluleka kwezomnotho, njengeminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngesandla njengokuzobaza.

4. Imisebenzi yengqondo neyomphakathi:Isimo sengqondo seziguli sizoshintsha kancane ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma esikhathini sokululama kwesifo.Lolu hlobo lwe-OT lusiza iziguli ukuthi zilungise isimo sazo esingokwengqondo, zigcine ukuzwana phakathi kweziguli nomphakathi, futhi zibenze babe nesimo sengqondo esihle.

Ukuhlolwa Kokwelashwa Komsebenzi

Okugxilwe kukho kokuhlolwa komphumela we-OT ukuhlola izinga lokungasebenzi kahle.Ngemiphumela yokuhlola, singakwazi ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa nezinkinga zeziguli.Ngokombono wokwelapha emsebenzini, singakwazi ukunquma imigomo yokuqeqeshwa futhi sakhe uhlelo lokuqeqesha olusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlola.Futhi vumela iziguli ukuthi zithathe ukuqeqeshwa kokuvuselela ngokuhlola okuguquguqukayo okuqhubekayo (umsebenzi wemoto, umsebenzi wezinzwa, ikhono le-ADL, njll.) kanye nemisebenzi efanele yomsebenzi.

Ngamafuphi
Abelaphi bomsebenzi bangochwepheshe abasebenzisa ukwelapha emsebenzini ekubuyiseleni izimilo.Ukwelapha emsebenzini, ukwelapha ngokomzimba, ukwelapha ngenkulumo, njll. kuyingxenye yemithi yokuvuselela.I-OT ibilokhu ivela njengoba iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, futhi kancane kancane iye yaqashelwa futhi yamukelwa.I-OT ingasiza iziguli emikhakheni eminingi, futhi iziguli eziningi ziyayithola futhi ziyibone ekwelashweni.Kungasiza kakhulu iziguli ukuthi zibuyise ikhono lazo lokubamba iqhaza emphakathini futhi zibuyele emindenini yazo.

“Ukwelashwa emsebenzini kuyindlela ekhetheke kakhulu enesisekelo sayo sethiyori nesisebenzayo.Inhloso yawo ukuvumela abagulayo nabakhubazekile ukuthi basebenzise imisebenzi ethile ukuze bathuthukise futhi babuyisele imisebenzi yabo engokomzimba, engokwengqondo, neyomphakathi ngokugcwele.Ikhuthaza abagulayo nabakhubazekile ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuhlumelelweni nasekuthuthukiseni ukuzethemba kwabo ekuphileni ngokuzimela.“

Sinikeza okuthileImishini ye-OTnamarobhothi ayathengiswa, zizwe ukhululekile ukuhlola futhibuza.