Stroke yakhala ikupha anthu ambiri ku China m'zaka 30 zapitazi, ndipo chiwopsezo cha anthu chikufikira 39.9% ndi kufa kwa 20%, zomwe zimapha anthu opitilira 1.9 miliyoni chaka chilichonse.Madokotala aku China ndi mabungwe othandizira anthu odwala matenda ashuga apanga chidziwitso chokhudza sitiroko.Tiyeni tione bwinobwino.
1. Kodi Acute Stroke ndi chiyani?
Stroko imawonekera makamaka ngati kulankhula molankhula, dzanzi la miyendo, kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso, kukomoka, hemiplegia, ndi zina zambiri.Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: 1) Ischemic stroke, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi thrombolysis ya mtsempha wamagazi ndi thrombectomy yodzidzimutsa;2) Sitiroko ya hemorrhagic, pomwe cholinga chake ndi kupewa kukhetsanso magazi, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma cell aubongo, komanso kupewa zovuta.
2. Mmene Mungachitire?
1) Ischemic Stroke (Cerebral Infarction)
Chithandizo choyenera cha infarction ya ubongo ndi ultra-early intravenous thrombolysis, ndipo arterial thrombolysis kapena thrombectomy angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala ena.Thandizo la thrombolytic ndi alteplase litha kuperekedwa mkati mwa maola 3-4.5 chiyambireni, ndipo chithandizo cha thrombolytic ndi urokinase chikhoza kuperekedwa mkati mwa maola 6 chiyambireni.Ngati mikhalidwe ya thrombolysis yakwaniritsidwa, chithandizo cha thrombolytic chokhala ndi alteplase chingathe kuchepetsa kulumala kwa wodwalayo ndikuwongolera momwe amayembekezera.Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ma neuroni muubongo sangathe kusinthika, chifukwa chake chithandizo cha cerebral infarction chiyenera kukhala pa nthawi yake ndipo sichiyenera kuchedwa.
① Kodi Intravenous Thrombolysis ndi chiyani?
Theravenous thrombolytic mankhwala amasungunula thrombus kutsekereza chotengera cha magazi, recanalize chotchinga chotchinga magazi, kubwezeretsa magazi ku minofu ya ubongo mwamsanga, ndi kuchepetsa necrosis mu ubongo minofu chifukwa ischemia.Nthawi yabwino ya thrombolysis ndi mkati mwa maola atatu mutangoyamba.
② Kodi Emergency Thrombectomy ndi chiyani?
Thrombectomy imaphatikizapo dokotala wogwiritsa ntchito makina a DSA kuchotsa emboli yotsekedwa mumtsempha wamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito thrombectomy stent kapena catheter yapadera yoyamwa kuti akwaniritse mitsempha ya ubongo.Ndiwoyenera kwambiri kugunda kwaubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa chotengera chachikulu, ndipo chiwopsezo cha kuyambiranso kwa mitsempha kumatha kufika 80%.Pakalipano ndi opaleshoni yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera pang'ono pa chombo chachikulu cha occlusive cerebral infarction.
2) Kutaya magazi Stroke
Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhetsa magazi muubongo, kutaya magazi kwa subbarachnoid, ndi zina zotero. Mfundo ya chithandizo ndi kuteteza kubwezeretsanso, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ubongo chifukwa cha kutayika kwa magazi muubongo, komanso kupewa zovuta.
3. Kodi Sitiroke Angadziwe Bwanji?
1) Wodwala mwadzidzidzi amakumana ndi vuto la kulinganiza bwino, akuyenda mosakhazikika, akunjenjemera ngati waledzera;kapena mphamvu ya miyendo ndi yachibadwa koma ilibe kulondola.
2) Wodwalayo ali ndi vuto losawona bwino, masomphenya awiri, vuto la kumunda;kapena malo osadziwika bwino a maso.
3) M'makona a pakamwa pa wodwalayo ndi okhota ndipo makutu a nasolabial ndi osaya.
4) Wodwala amakumana ndi kufooka kwa miyendo, kusakhazikika pakuyenda kapena kugwira zinthu;kapena dzanzi la miyendo.
5) Kulankhula kwa wodwala kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosamveka.
Ngati pali vuto lililonse, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, kupikisana ndi nthawi, ndikupita kuchipatala mwachangu.
4. Kodi mungapewe bwanji sitiroko?
1) Odwala matenda oopsa ayenera kumvetsera kulamulira kwa magazi ndi kutsatira mankhwala.
2) Odwala omwe ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu ayenera kuwongolera zakudya zawo ndikumwa mankhwala ochepetsa lipid.
3) Odwala matenda a shuga ndi magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ayenera kupewa ndikuchiza matenda a shuga.
4) Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la atrial fibrillation kapena matenda ena amtima ayenera kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.
Mwachidule, ndikofunika kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kukhala ndi maganizo abwino pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
5. Nthawi Yovuta Kwambiri Yokonzanso Stroke
Matenda a wodwala sitiroko atatha kukhazikika, ayenera kuyamba kukonzanso ndikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
Odwala omwe ali ndi sitiroko yofatsa kapena yocheperako, omwe matenda awo sadzathanso kupita patsogolo, akhoza kuyamba kukonzanso pambali pa bedi ndi maphunziro oyambirira a kukonzanso pafupi ndi bedi patatha maola 24 zizindikiro zofunika zitakhazikika.Chithandizo cha kukonzanso chiyenera kuyambika msanga, ndipo nthawi yabwino ya chithandizo ndi miyezi itatu pambuyo pa sitiroko.
Maphunziro ochiritsira panthawi yake komanso ovomerezeka komanso chithandizo chamankhwala amatha kuchepetsa kufa ndi kulumala.Choncho, chithandizo cha odwala sitiroko chiyenera kuphatikizapo mankhwala ochiritsira oyambirira, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ochiritsira ochiritsira.Malingana ngati mikhalidwe ya kubwezeretsedwa koyambirira kwa sitiroko ikumveka bwino ndipo zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo zimayang'aniridwa mosamala, momwe odwala amatha kukhalira bwino, umoyo wa moyo umawonjezereka, nthawi yogonekedwa m'chipatala imafupikitsidwa, ndipo mtengo wa odwalawo umachepetsedwa.
6. Kubwezeretsedwa Koyambirira
1) Ikani miyendo yabwino pabedi: malo ogona, kugona pambali yomwe yakhudzidwa, malo a gulu kumbali yathanzi.
2) Nthawi zonse mutembenuzire pabedi: Mosasamala kanthu komwe muli, muyenera kutembenuza maola a 2 aliwonse, kutikita minofu yopanikizika, ndikulimbikitsa kuyendayenda kwa magazi.
3) Zochita zapang'onopang'ono za ziwalo za hemiplegic: Pewani kuphatikizika kwa mafupa ndi kusagwiritsa ntchito minofu atrophy pamene zizindikiro zofunika zimakhala zosasunthika maola 48 pambuyo pa sitiroko ndipo matenda oyambirira a mitsempha ndi okhazikika ndipo sakupita patsogolo.
4) Zochita zoyenda pabedi: Kusuntha kwa miyendo yam'mwamba ndi mapewa, maphunziro othandizira kutembenuka, maphunziro ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Phunzirani kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za sitiroko.Pamene sitiroko ichitika, imbani nambala yadzidzidzi mwamsanga kuti mugule nthawi ya wodwalayo kuti alandire chithandizo.
Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ndi yothandiza kwa inu.
Nkhaniyi ikuchokera ku Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-24-2023