Iyini i-Bobath Technique?
Indlela ye-Bobath, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-neuro developmental therapy (NDT), iyi-ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwabantu abane-cerebral palsy kanye nezinye izimo ze-neurological ezihlangene.Ubuchwephesha bokwelashwa obasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela isazi se-physiotherapist saseBrithani u-Berta Bobath nomyeni wakhe u-Karel Bobath besebenza.Ilungele ukuvuselelwa kokungasebenzi kahle kwezimoto okubangelwa ukulimala kwesistimu yezinzwa ezimaphakathi.
Umgomo wokusebenzisa umqondo we-Bobath uwukukhuthaza ukufunda kwezimoto ukuze ulawule kahle izimoto ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukubamba iqhaza nokusebenza.
Ithini I-Basic Theory ye-Bobath Technique?
Ukulimala ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi kuholela ekukhululweni kwe-reflexes yakudala kanye nokwakheka kokuma okungavamile kanye namaphethini okunyakaza.
Ngenxa yalokho, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukucindezelwa kwe-reflexive ukucindezela ukuma okungavamile kanye namaphethini okunyakaza ngokulawula amaphuzu abalulekile;qalisa i-posture reflexes kanye nokusabela kwebhalansi ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamaphethini avamile futhi uqhube ukuqeqeshwa kokulawula ukuzivocavoca okuhlukahlukene.
Imiqondo Eyisisekelo ye-Bobath
1. Ukuvimbela i-Reflex:sebenzisa ukuma okuphambene nephethini ye-spasm ukuze ucindezele i-spasm kuhlanganise nephethini ye-reflex inhibition (RIP) kanye nesimo se-tonic esithonywe (TIP).
2. Ukulawula iphuzu elingukhiye:amaphuzu abalulekile abhekisela ezingxenyeni ezithile ezithile zomzimba womuntu, ezinomthelela obalulekile ekucindezelekeni kwemisipha yezinye izingxenye zomzimba noma izitho;abelaphi baxhaphaza lezi zingxenye ezithile ukuze bafeze inhloso yokuvimbela i-spasm kanye ne-postural reflex engavamile futhi bakhuthaze i-postural reflex evamile.
3. Thuthukisa i-postural reflex:qondisa iziguli ukuthi zenze izimo zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ethile ethize futhi zifunde kulezi zimo ezisebenzayo ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela yokwelapha.
4. Ukukhuthazwa kwezinzwa:sebenzisa izinzwa ezihlukahlukene ukuze uvimbele ukunyakaza okungavamile noma ukukhuthaza ukunyakaza okuvamile, futhi kuhlanganisa ukukhuthazwa okujabulisayo nokuvinjelwayo.
Yiziphi Izimiso ZaseBhobati?
(1) Gcizelela imizwa yeziguli yokufunda ukunyakaza
UBobath ukholelwa ukuthi umuzwa wokuzivocavoca ungatholwa ngokufunda nokuqeqeshwa okuphindaphindiwe.Ukufunda okuphindaphindiwe kwendlela yokunyakaza nokuma kokunyakaza kungakhuthaza iziguli ukuba zithole umuzwa wokunyakaza okuvamile.Ukuze ufunde futhi uphathe kahle ukuzwa kwezimoto, kudingeka izikhathi zokuqeqesha eziningi zokuzwa kwezimoto ezihlukahlukene.Abelaphi kufanele baklame ukuqeqeshwa ngokuvumelana nezimo zeziguli kanye nezinkinga ezikhona, ezingagcini nje ngokudala izimpendulo ezinenjongo, kodwa futhi zicabange ngokugcwele ukuthi zinganikeza iziguli amathuba afanayo okuphindaphinda kwezimoto.Ukukhuthazwa okuphindaphindayo kuphela nokunyakaza okungakhuthaza futhi kuhlanganise ukufundwa kokunyakaza.Njenganoma iyiphi ingane noma umuntu omdala ofunda ikhono elisha, iziguli zidinga ukukhuthazwa okuqhubekayo namathuba okuqeqeshwa okuphindaphindayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukunyakaza okufundiwe.
(2) Gcizelela ukufunda ukuma okuyisisekelo namaphethini okunyakaza ayisisekelo
Ukunyakaza ngakunye kwenzeka ngokusekelwe emaphethini ayisisekelo njengokulawula ukuma, impendulo yokulungisa, impendulo yebhalansi nezinye izimpendulo zokuzivikela, ukubamba nokuphumula.I-Bobath ingacindezela amaphethini okunyakaza okungavamile ngokwenqubo evamile yokukhula komzimba womuntu.Ukwengeza, kungenza iziguli zifunde kancane kancane iphethini yokunyakaza evamile ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwamaphuzu abalulekile, zenze impendulo yesistimu yezinzwa eziphezulu, njenge: impendulo yokulungisa, impendulo yokulinganisa kanye nokunye ukusabela kokuzivikela, ukuze iziguli zikwazi ukunqoba ukunyakaza okungavamile kanye ukuma, kancane kancane isipiliyoni futhi uzuze ukuzwa ukunyakaza okuvamile nomsebenzi.
(3) Yenza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ngokulandelana kokuthuthukiswa kokunyakaza
Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha iziguli kumele zihambisane namazinga azo okuthuthuka.Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, iziguli kufanele zihlolwe ngombono wokuthuthuka futhi ziphathwe ngokulandelana kokuthuthuka.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto okujwayelekile kuhamba ngohlelo ukusuka ekhanda kuye onyaweni futhi ukusuka ngasekugcineni kuye ekugcineni ukuya esiphethweni esikude.Ukulandelana okuqondile kokuthuthukiswa kwemoto ngokuvamile kusuka endaweni ephansi - ukuphenduka - indawo ebheke eceleni - indawo yokusekela indololwane - ukuhlala - ukuguqa kwezandla namadolo - ukuguqa amadolo womabili - ukuma.
(4) Yelapha iziguli zizonke
UBobath ukugcizelele ukuthi iziguli kumele ziqeqeshwe sezizonke ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.Hhayi nje ukwelapha iziguli ezinezitho zomzimba ezingasebenzi kahle, kodwa futhi nokukhuthaza iziguli ukuthi zibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekwelashweni futhi zikhumbule umuzwa wezitho zomzimba ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okuvamile.Lapho uqeqesha imilenze ephansi yeziguli ze-hemiplegic, qaphela ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwe-spasm ephezulu.Sengiphetha, ukuvimbela ezinye izithiyo zomzimba zeziguli, thatha iziguli zizonke ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokwelapha nokuqeqeshwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-12-2020