Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Menene Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) yana nufinciwo na asibiti da ke haifar da fashewar cututtukan jini a ƙasa ko saman kwakwalwa, da kuma kwararar jini kai tsaye zuwa cikin rami na subarachnoid.Hakanan an san shi azaman SAH na farko, wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 10% na bugun jini.SAH cuta ce ta gama gari mai tsananin tsanani.

Binciken da WHO ta gudanar ya nuna cewa, adadin wadanda suka kamu da cutar a kasar Sin ya kai kusan kashi 2 cikin 100,000 a kowace shekara, haka kuma an samu rahoton kashi 6-20 cikin 100,000 a kowace shekara.Har ila yau akwai zubar jini na biyu na subarachnoid wanda ke haifar da zubar jini na ciki, epidural ko subdural jini rupture, jinin shiga kwakwalwar nama da gudana zuwa cikin kogon subarachnoid.

Menene Etiology na Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?

Duk wani dalili na zubar da jini na kwakwalwa na iya haifar da zubar jini na subachnoid.Dalilan gama gari su ne:
1. Intracranial aneurysm: yana da nauyin 50-85%, kuma yana iya faruwa a reshe na aorta na zoben jijiya na cerebral;
2. Cutar cututtuka na cerebral: akasarin cututtukan arteriovenous, galibi ana gani a cikin samari, wanda ya kai kusan 2%.Cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiya galibi suna cikin sassan kwakwalwa na jijiyoyin kwakwalwa;
3. Cutar cututtuka na cibiyar sadarwa mara kyau na cerebral(Cutar Moyamoya): tana da kusan kashi 1%;
4. Wasu:Dissecting aneurysm, vasculitis, intracranial venous thrombosis, connective tissue disease, hematopathy, intracranial tumor, coagulation cuta, anticoagulation magani rikitarwa, da dai sauransu.
5. Ba a san abin da ke haifar da zubar jini a wasu marasa lafiya ba, kamar jini na farko na tsakiyar kwakwalwa.
Abubuwan haɗari na zubar jini na subarachnoid sune abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewar aneurysms na intracranial, ciki har da.hauhawar jini, shan taba, yawan shan giya, tarihin da ya gabata na ruptured aneurysm, tarawar aneurysms, aneurysms da yawa,da dai sauransu.Idan aka kwatanta da masu shan taba, masu shan taba suna da manyan aneurysms kuma suna da yuwuwar samun aneurysms da yawa.

Menene Alamomin Jini na Subarachnoid?

Alamomin asibiti na al'ada na SAH sunekwatsam matsananciyar ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, amai da ciwon sankarau, tare da ko ba tare da alamun hankali ba.Lokacin ko bayan ayyuka masu wahala, za a yifashewar ciwon kai na gida ko gabaɗaya, wanda ba zai yuwu ba.Yana iya zama na dindindin ko ci gaba da tsanantawa, kuma wani lokaci, za a iya samuzafi a saman wuyansa.

Asalin SAH sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da rupture site na aneurysm.Alamun rakiyar gama gari suneamai, damuwa na wucin gadi na sani, ciwon baya ko ƙananan gaɓoɓi, da photophobia,da sauransu. A mafi yawan lokuta,hangula na meningealya bayyana a cikin sa'o'i bayan fara cutar, tare dawuyan wuyakasancewar mafi bayyanar alama.Alamun Kernig da Brudzinski na iya zama tabbatacce.Binciken fundus zai iya bayyana zubar jini na retinal da papilledema.Bugu da ƙari, kusan 25% na marasa lafiya na iya samunalamomin tunani, irin su euphoria, ruɗi, hallucinations, da sauransu.

Akwai kuma iya zamafarfaɗowa seizures, mai da hankali gawa ga jijiyoyi ãyõyi kamar oculomotor inna, aphasia, monoplegia ko hemiplegia, hankali cuta,da sauransu. Wasu marasa lafiya, musamman ma tsofaffi marasa lafiya, galibi suna da alamun rashin lafiya na asibiti kamar suciwon kai da ciwon kai,yayin da alamun tunani a bayyane suke.Marasa lafiya tare da zubar da jini na tsakiya na farko suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka, wanda aka nuna a cikin CT kamarhematocele a cikin mesencephalon ko rijiyar peripontine ba tare da anerysm ba ko wasu rashin daidaituwa akan angiography.Gabaɗaya, babu rebleeding ko farkon farawa vasospasm da zai faru, kuma sakamakon da ake tsammani na asibiti yana da kyau.